为了减轻生物污损问题给水利工程安全带来的严重威胁,国内外目前主要采用4种方法进行治理人工或机械刮除、涂刷防污涂料、药剂灭杀和经济性鱼类的投放。其中防污涂料具有较好的发展前景。综述了多种新型防污涂料的最新成果、防污机理及其优缺点,重点介绍了以有机硅和氟化物系列为代表的环境友好型污损释放涂料,并指出未来防生物污损涂层材料的研究方向提高粘液污损的释放效率和在静止以及低速水流条件下的污损释放能力;针对水利工程的具体问题并根据其水域出现的生物污损的种类进行研发。

Undesired biofouling problem brought serious threat to the safety of hydraulic structures. Mechanical scraping, anti-fouling coatings, chemical elimination and releasing economic fish are traditional strategies of biofouling control at present and antifouling coating was supposed to be of good application potential. This review introduced the mechanisms and latest research results of multiple anti-fouling coatings, silicone coatings and fluoro-coatings in particular. Besides, the direction of future research was also prospected: improving the mucus release and fouling release efficiency in static and low-speed flow conditions; and developing specific coatings according to the specific problem of hydraulic project and the species of biofouling.