为了研究台阶式溢洪道上水流能量特性,对坡比1:1.25不同台阶高度的台阶溢洪道进行模型试验,试验结果表明:台阶溢洪道上总水头沿程急剧降低;水流比能表现出沿程先增大后达到稳定值的规律;水流比能的变化决定总水头的变化,比能稳定值越小说明台阶溢洪道的消能效果越好。通过无量纲分析得出稳定比能与相关影响因子的2个无因次参数,结合试验和相关文献对2个无因次参数拟合,表现出良好的幂函数规律,相关系数为0.994 9~0.997 2。同时得出计算剩余能量和台阶溢洪道总消能率的经验公式,为相关设计提供参考。

In order to study the energy characteristics of water flow on stepped spillway, we conducted model test of stepped spillway with slope ratio of 1∶1.25 and different step heights. The results indicated that gross head of stepped spillway decreased dramatically along the flow path, and specific energy on stepped spillways first increased and then remained constant. The change of specific energy determines the gross head,and low stable specific energy reflects better energy dissipation. Two dimensionless parameters of stable specific energy and its influencing factors were obtained through dimensional analysis,and a good power function law was found between the two dimensionless parameters based on the data from test and related literature, with the correlation coefficient between 0.9949 and 0.9972. An empirical formula for calculating the residual energy and gross dissipation rate was put forward to provide references for related design.