针对太阳辐射作用下季节冻土区渠道衬砌冻害机理研究的局限性,从气象参数的角度,考虑辐射、气温、风速等实际环境因素,结合原型观测资料,通过建立非稳态相变温度场有限元模型,对靖会总干渠混凝土衬砌渠道东西走向段渠坡冻结期热状况及其与吸收的太阳辐射能之间的关系进行分析。结果表明渠基温度场的横向不对称不均匀分布是季节冻土区渠道冻害的主要原因;渠坡日平均日照时长和日平均辐射总量呈横向不对称不均匀分布;阴、阳坡渠基浅层(衬砌板下0.4 m)平均温差与坡板平均太阳辐射量差呈多项式关系;渠基最大温差与深度呈线性关系;太阳辐射吸收系数对渠基热交换影响较大,阴、阳坡板表面最大温差随着吸收系数的增大而线性增加;吸收系数由0.65增加至0.8时,阴、阳坡冻深分别减少25%和37%。
Abstract
Research on the mechanism of frost damage of canal with concrete lining under the influence of solar radiation in seasonally frozen regions has some limitations. In view of this, we established finite element model with unsteady temperature field and phase change based on prototype observation data to analyse the relationship between thermal regime and solar radiation absorption in frozen period. Actual environmental factors, such as solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed, were considered in the model. The slope of Jinhui main canal’s E-W directional segment with concrete lining was taken as a case study. The simulation result indicates that the lateral asymmetric and uneven thermal field of canal foundation is the main cause of canal lining’s frozen damage in cold regions; the average daily solar time and solar radiation of southern and northern slopes are also lateral asymmetric and uneven; the average temperature difference of shallow canal foundation (0.4 m) is in polynomial relation with the average solar radiation difference; the maximum temperature difference of canal foundation is in linear relationship with the depth; the solar radiation absorption coefficients have great influence on the heat exchange of canal foundation; the maximum temperature difference between sunny slope’s and shady slope’s lining board surface increases linearly with the enlargement of solar radiation absorption coefficient; the southern slope’s frozen depth decreases by 25% and the northern slope’s by 37% when the solar radiation absorption coefficient increases from 0.65 to 0.8.
关键词
太阳辐射 /
混凝土衬砌渠道 /
气象参数 /
阴、阳坡 /
横向不对称 /
冻害机理
Key words
solar radiation /
canal with concrete lininging /
meteorological parameters /
southern and northern slopes /
lateral asymmetry /
mechanism of frost damage
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51168042); 塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKQNZD201505)
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