为了探究高海拔地区台阶式溢洪道水力特性,对坝顶位于海拔 2 586.0 m,斜坡角度 θ=32° 的某大坝台阶式溢洪道进行了模型试验。通过改变来流流量,研究了 3 种不同工况下溢洪道台阶竖直面及水平面时均压强、水面线、流速、脉动压强等水力特性。结果表明:在 3 种试验工况下,台阶式溢洪道不仅具有较高消能率,而且不会发生空化空蚀破坏;溢洪道竖直面及水平面压力沿程为跳跃式分布;水深及流速在台阶溢洪道上达到某一值后,基本稳定。该结果可为高海拔地区的台阶式溢洪道优化设计提供参考依据。
Abstract
To explore the hydraulic characteristics of stepped spillway at high altitude, we conducted model test on the stepped spillway of a dam with slope θ=32°and dam crest at elevation 2586.0 m. By changing the incoming flow rate, we compared the hydraulic characteristics (time-averaged pressure in vertical and horizontal planes, water surface profile, flow velocity, and fluctuation pressure) in different conditions. Results prove that in all the three conditions, the stepped spillway has high energy dissipation efficiency and no cavitation. Pressure on step vertical plane and horizontal plane distributes in a bouncing manner along the spillway, and the height of water surface and the flow velocity will keep stable after reaching a certain value.
关键词
台阶式溢洪道 /
水力特性 /
空化空蚀 /
高海拔 /
消能率
中图分类号:TV135.2 /
文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-5485(2015)10-0038-05
Key words
stepped spillway /
hydraulic characteristics /
cavitation /
high altitude /
energy dissipation rate
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