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    Identification and Physical Mechanical Property Comparison between Completely Decomposed Granite and Granite Residual Soil
    ZHOU Xiao-wen, LUO Xing-cai
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (4): 1-7.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20211331
    Abstract2055)      PDF(pc) (1853KB)(2250)       Save
    Completely decomposed granite (CDG) and granite residual soil (GRS) are prone to trigger engineering accidents and geological disasters in South China. Despite that the weathering degree and engineering properties of CDG and GRS both vary remarkably, it is still a challenging task to distinguish CDG and GRS in practical geological investigation, in which the field geological appearance and the measured hit number of standard penetration test according to existing specification are taken as the major indicators for identification. In this paper, we discussed the relevant clauses about identifying CDG and GRS in some current specifications. In view of the difference in gradation between of CDG and GRS, i.e., the former is usually clayey sand, while the latter sand clay, we suggest to take grading characteristic as the subsidiary index of identifying CDG and GRS.According to physical properties test and triaxial shear test of soil samples from a foundation pit, we found that GRS sample had a larger pore ratio with a poor gradation lack of some intermediate particle sizes. Both the undisturbed CDG and GRS present initial structural features reflected by shear zone with strain localization in shear deformation, displaying drum-shear zone failure mode; the remolded samples present a standard drum-like failure mode. The friction angle of drainage shear of undisturbed CDG is slightly higher than that of GRS, and the cohesion obviously higher as CDG boasts a stronger structure; the cohesion of remolded CDG and remolded GRS are close due to the lack of original structure. Under low confining pressure, the structural strength of undisturbed soils contribute up to 60%-70% of the total shear strength, and the compression action of high confining pressure can completely destroy the initial structure of soils, in which case the structural strength will be eliminated.
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    A Shared Software Service System: Hydraulic Cloud Computing Platform
    XU Wen-jie, WANG Zhong-jing
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (9): 141-148.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200674
    Abstract1361)      PDF(pc) (6793KB)(944)       Save
    As Internet + technologies develop, informatization, mobile office, and resources sharing have become the trends of various industries. In hydraulic engineering, geotechnical engineering, and engineering geology fields, most calculations are based on desktop software, which lacks standardized management and qualified teamwork performance, resulting in the waste of resources. Based on cloud computing technology, we made a detailed exploration from the technical aspects of algorithms, 2D and 3D visualization and interface interaction and hence developed a Web-oriented hydraulic cloud computing platform—THC. The cross-platform cloud computing and cloud visual, cloud approval, cloud sharing and etc. of the calculations can be completed using THC. The applications of THC's four major modules, namely, statistical analysis of rock mass, geotechnical test, slope stability analysis, and flood routing, demonstrate that THC provides reliable and convenient computing services for users. Meanwhile, as the first cloud computing platform with good interaction in the field of hydraulic and civil engineering, THC also offers sound computing services for teachers, students, enterprises and researchers, and is of great significance to promoting the standardization and information management of data.
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    Seismic Response of Arch Inverted Siphon under the Excitation of River Valley Differential Earthquake
    JIANG Le-ying, LIAO Yi-hui, WANG Zhi-ming, WU Yong-xin, LI Mei
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (12): 117-121.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20221035
    Abstract1045)      PDF(pc) (3535KB)(352)       Save
    The seismic performance of large-span water transfer structures has become increasingly prominent with the growing number of water transfer projects in recent years. In this paper, the effect of differential ground motion caused by topographic effects on the seismic response of Longchuanjiang large-span water transfer inverted siphon in Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project is examined by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model with the calculated results of SH wave horizontal incidence, oblique incidence and vertical incidence as ground motion inputs. The results are compared with those under uniform excitation. Results manifest that differential ground motion in consideration of topographic effect has a significant impact on the force and deformation of important structural elements, and different structural components behave differently. The transverse force and deformation of steel pipes, piers and other elements under horizontal incidence is the largest, followed by that under oblique incidence, uniform excitation, and vertical incidence in sequence, while the differential seismic effect causes a reduction in the transverse internal force of the arch ring. The location of structural stiffness change is more sensitive to differential seismic effect. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the topographic effect and the influence of incidence angle of ground motion in the seismic design of large-span water transmission inverted siphon structures.
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    Causes of Excessive Arsenic in Groundwater of Kuitun River Basin in Xinjiang
    SU Yan-peng, LI Qiao, TAO Hong-fei, HE Yu-jiang, LI Xian-wen, AIHEMAITI Mahemujiang
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (3): 54-59.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20201188
    Abstract1013)      PDF(pc) (1842KB)(1383)       Save
    Kuitun River Basin in Xinjiang is the first endemic arsenic poisoned area in mainland China. The causes of excessive arsenic in the groundwater in Kuitun River Basin have not been clarified due to human activities and natural conditions. In the present research, we analyzed the main and trace element components in 51 groups of surface water and groundwater samples collected in 2017, as well as the particle size and chemical composition of 44 groups of sediment samples from two boreholes in typical high arsenic content area in 2019. Results unveiled that the concentration of arsenic in groundwater of Kuitun River Basin ranged from 10-887 μg/L, averaging 55.8 μg/L, and in sediment reaching 28.41 mg/kg to the maximum, which exceeded the standard (10 μg/L) largely. Siderite, calcium arsenate, manganese arsenate and other minerals distributed in the surrounding mountainous areas provided material sources for the excessive arsenic concentration in groundwater; strong evaporation and rock weathering further aggravated the arsenic concentration in groundwater; high pH and low Eh values of groundwater caused arsenate to desorb from the mineral surface and accumulate in groundwater. The reduction process of Fe/Mn oxide minerals in sediments and clay minerals released the coexisting arsenic, which is also the reason why arsenic in groundwater exceeded standard.
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    Research and Application of Intelligent Perception and Intelligent Management Technology for Dam Safety Monitoring
    HUANG Yue-wen, NIU Guang-li, LI Duan-you, HAN Xiao, ZHOU Hua-yan
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (10): 180-185.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210589
    Abstract696)      PDF(pc) (1950KB)(1460)       Save
    Monitoring on reservoir and dam safety is an important guarantee for the safe operation of project. It is urgent to improve the ability of dam safety monitoring by using the new generation of information technology. In this paper we systematically summarize the researches and applications made by Changjiang (Yangtze) River Research Institute in intelligent perception and intelligent management technology of dam safety monitoring in recent years. We built a unified data resource pool for dam safety monitoring by developing a series of intelligent sensors, intelligent acquisition units and Internet of things sensing platform, and developed a generalized safety monitoring cloud service system. We also built professional data mining platform and comprehensive visualization application to realize the full link application of data perception, transmission, management, analysis and display for dam safety monitoring, forming a full life cycle intelligent solution for dam safety monitoring. The research achievements have been applied in more than 100 water conservancy and hydropower projects, such as Wudongde, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and Datengxia hydropower stations, playing an important supporting role in ensuring the safety of project construction and operation.
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    Research Progress on Sampling and Pretreatment Methods of Microplastics in Fresh Water Environment
    LI Dan-wen, LIN Li, PAN Xiong, WU Xiao-hui
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (7): 14-23.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200586
    Abstract605)      PDF(pc) (7339KB)(952)       Save
    As an emerging pollutant, microplastics are widely detected in oceans, rivers, land, air and soil. For a better understanding of the research situation of microplastics in fresh water, the sampling and pretreatment methods for microplastics in freshwater system are expounded, and the development direction is discussed. The sampling objects includes water, sediment and aquatic organisms. In the extraction of microplastics, the advantages and shortcomings of different extraction solutions and extraction methods are compared. In terms of sample digestion, the strengths and weaknesses of different digestion solutions and digestion methods are analyzed. Last but not the least, the development trend and work prospect in microplastics analysis methods in future are put forward which is expected to offer reference for the development of sampling and pretreatment technology of microplastics in freshwater environment.
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    Cause Analysis of Runoff Change in the Upper Reaches of Hutuo River Based on Time-varying Budyko-type Equation
    MIAO Zheng-wei, LU Mei, DING Zhi-hong
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (7): 29-35.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210284
    Abstract604)      PDF(pc) (6930KB)(1000)       Save
    The causes of runoff changes in the upper reaches of Hutuo River were analyzed to clarify the driving force of runoff evolution and furthermore to promote the sustainable utilization of water resources.Based on the one-parameter Budyko-type equation,the influencing factors of runoff are divided into two categories:aridity index and catchment properties.First,the time-varying Budyko-type equations were derived to describe the temporal variations in catchment properties via the time-varying parameters in the Budyko-type equations.In subsequence,the long-term trends in climatic variables were modeled using time as an explanatory variable.Finally,the impacts of aridity index and catchment properties on runoff were decomposed at annual scale and multi-year scale.The research results demonstrated that:(1) Time-varying Budyko-type equations improve remarkably the fitting capability for the upper reaches of Hutuo River basin.(2) In terms of quantifying the impacts between two periods of multiple years,the results based on the time-varying Budyko-type equations are similar to the Budyko-type equations with fixed parameter,implying that the time-varying Budyko-type equations proposed in this paper is reliable.(3) The contribution rate of aridity index decreased from 86.79% to 71.01%,while the contribution rate of catchment properties increased from 13.21% to 28.09%.Therefore,aridity index is the dominant factor of runoff reduction in the upper reaches of Hutuo River basin.(4) The apparent weakening of the influence of aridity index on annual runoff constitutes the major cause of increment in the contribution of catchment properties to the annual runoff change.In conclusion,the significant reduction of runoff in the upper reaches of Hutuo River is mainly caused by the change of aridity index,i.e.,precipitation and potential evapotranspiration.
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    Water Temperature Variation and Its Influencing Factors in the Upper Jinsha River
    SHAO Jun, DU Tao, GUO Wei, OUYANG Shuo, WANG Kun
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (8): 17-22.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210380
    Abstract571)      PDF(pc) (2640KB)(898)       Save
    As the source area of the Yangtze River,the upper Jinsha River is of special eco-environmental functions.The water temperature of the river is of great significance to the growth of aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecological environment.In this paper,the intra-annual and inter-annual changes as well as distribution along the flow direction of natural water temperature of the upper Jinsha River were examined according to measured water temperature data from hydrological stations of Gangtuo,Batang,and Shigu.Major hydrological and meteorological factors that affect the water temperature were also analyzed.Results unveiled that the monthly average water temperature at Gangtuo,Batang,and Shigu hit the highest from July to August in general,while the lowest in January.The annual water temperature at the three stations displayed a significant upward trend from 1961 to 2018,with abrupt changes in 1998,1992,and 2003,respectively.Air temperature had the largest influence on the monthly average water temperature,followed by precipitation and streamflow;relative humidity,evaporation and wind speed also had a certain impact on the change of water temperature;sunshine hour bore a weakest relationship to water temperature.From the upstream to the downstream,the coefficients of correlation between water temperature and runoff,wind speed,and water surface evaporation decreased,while those between water temperature and precipitation,temperature,and relative humidity increased.The hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the basin were closely related with water temperature changes.In addition,the main factors affecting water temperature were further verified through principal component analysis.
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    Current Situation and Measures of Karst Rocky Desertification Control in Southwest China
    CHONG Guo-shuang, HAI Yue, ZHENG Hua, XU Wei-hua, OUYANG Zhi-yun
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (11): 38-43.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210453
    Abstract552)      PDF(pc) (1127KB)(1069)       Save
    Despite that the expansion of severe rocky desertification in the karst areas of southwest China has been initially curbed, the situation allows no optimism and the eco-environment needs to be further improved. Effective efforts are required to maintain the achievements of desertification control; the contradiction between human and land cannot be eradicated; and the difficulty of controlling desertification has been escalating. In view of this, we summarized the specific characteristics of the karst areas in southwest China, the causes of rocky desertification, as well as the comprehensive management mode. On this basis, we put forward suggestions on comprehensive regional control and green development in four aspects: highlighting holistic management and systematic restoration, exploring pathways of value realization of eco-products, strengthening eco-compensation, and seeking a coordinated social and ecological system. The suggestions are expected to provide scientific reference for the coordinated high-quality development of eco-environment and social economy in southwest China.
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    Microplastic Pollution in the Yangtze River Basin: Status Quo and Control Measures
    LI Tian-cui, HUANG Xiao-long, WU Chen-xi, GUO Wen-si
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (6): 143-150.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210057
    Abstract520)      PDF(pc) (1122KB)(1517)       Save
    Microplastic pollution has attracted worldwide attention. The previous reports of microplastics pollution in the Yangtze River basin are summarized, and the spatial distribution and pollution characteristics are analyzed. Moreover, the adverse impacts of microplastics pollution in the Yangtze River basin are discussed, and corresponding prevention and control measures are put forward. Microplastics pollution in the Yangtze River is highly heterogeneous in spatial scale, with the abundance of microplastics in surface water ranging from tens to tens of thousands of ind/m3 and tens to tens of thousands of ind/kg in sediments. Compared with other basins in China and abroad, the Yangtze River Basin is subjected to a medium and low pollution level of microplastics, and the abundance of microplastics in lakes and reservoirs is generally higher than that in rivers. In addition, microplastics in water are mainly polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene, and fibers, fragments and films are dominant shapes. In the Yangtze River basin, the abundance of microplastics increased gradually from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, and from bank to ashore. To control microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River basin, laws and regulations need to be improved, sewage treatment capacity and management and disposal of plastic waste should be enhanced.
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    Spatio-temporal Variation of Water Quality in Middle-lower Hanjiang River
    ZHANG Sheng, LIN Li, WANG Zhen, PAN Xiong, LIU Min, DONG Lei, TAO Jing-xiang
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (8): 47-53.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200610
    Abstract498)      PDF(pc) (4788KB)(1039)       Save
    In the aim of exploring the characteristics of the spatio-temporal changes of water quality in middle-lower Hanjiang River in wet season and dry season, a comprehensive survey was carried out on the middle-lower Hanjiang River (Danjiangkou-Wuhan reach) during the wet season in June 2019 and the dry season in January 2020. Eighteen sampling sections in the main stream and two sampling sections in the tributaries were arranged. The water quality was evaluated by using the overall pollution index and the overall trophic level index. The results indicated that the overall pollution index of water in the mainstream of the middle-lower Hanjiang River had no significant difference between wet season and dry season; in sectional scale, yet, the pollution of most sampling sections in wet season was more severe than that in dry season. Spatially, the change trends along the river during wet season and dry season were similar. Sections in Xiangyang, Hanchuan, and Wuhan were subjected to severe pollution, mainly total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), among which TN concentration exceeded the limit of class II standard (GB 3838-2002) in all sections in both wet season and dry season, apparently larger in wet season, and TP concentration of most sections in wet season was greater than that in dry season, with 27.8% sections exceeding the limit of class II standard, and NH3-N concentration of all sections were below the limit of class II standard in dry season, while exceeding the limit only in a few sections in wet season. Moreover, the overall trophic level in middle-lower Hanjiang River presented an increasing trend along the river, ranging from moderate nutrition to mild eutrophication. Except for larger fluctuations in dry season, the overall trophic level index saw no significant difference between wet season and dry season. The water quality in the middle-lower Hanjiang River was mainly affected by point source pollution and non-point source pollution, the confluence of tributaries, and water conservancy projects. The research findings offer scientific basis for water resources protection and sustainable development in the middle-lower Hanjiang River.
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    Automatic Monitoring Technology for Grouting: Progresses and Prospects
    JIA Bao-liang, LUO Yi, ZHANG Hui, GUO Liang
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (10): 186-191.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210662
    Abstract487)      PDF(pc) (1442KB)(993)       Save
    Since cement grouting project is a hidden work, it is difficult to check and control the grouting quality directly. Automatic monitoring of the grouting parameters is thus very crucial. In this paper we made a review on the technological progresses and the process of developing automatic grouting recorder, and expounded the development of digital grouting monitoring system. Also we looked into the future of intelligent grouting recorder, intelligent monitoring cloud platform, anti-counterfeiting of online monitoring data, as well as BIM+GIS-based monitoring system integrating latest achievements of modern electronic technology, Internet of Things technology, big data technology, and blockchain technology. The intelligent monitoring systems are beneficial for the safety and quality of hydropower projects, and will reduce cost and promote the management of project construction.
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    Model of Extracting Remotely-sensed Information of Black and Odorous Water Based on Deep Learning
    SHAO Hu-xiang, DING Feng, YANG Jian, ZHENG Zi-cheng
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (4): 156-162.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210045
    Abstract477)      PDF(pc) (1898KB)(989)       Save
    Black and odorous water bodies are widely distributed and seriously damages people’s living environment and the overall beautiful image of the city. With Langfang City in Hebei Province as the research area, we conducted a comparative experimental study on the extraction of remote sensing information of black and odorous water bodies by using PSPNet (Pyramid Scene Parsing Network) and U-Net model based on the multi spectral data and measured data of GF-2 satellite. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference black odorous water index (NDBWI) are calculated based on the visible light band (RGB) and near infrared band (NIR). In view of the common problem of missing detection of small black and odorous water bodies, the module of attention mechanism is introduced to optimize and improve the model. Thus, an improved deep learning model of extracting the remotely-sensed information of black and odorous water bodies is constructed. Results demonstrate that the U-Net model, which inputs RGB+NIR+NDVI+NDBWI six channel remote sensing images in combination with attention mechanism, has the most superior extraction result for black and odorous water bodies, and achieves 0.864 5, 0.868 1 and 0.835 9 in accuracy evaluation indexes F1-srore, MIoU and Recall, respectively.
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    A Review on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Silicon Content in Waters of Yangtze River Basin
    YU Yang, TANG Xian-qiang, WANG Dan-yang, LI Rui
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (3): 38-46.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20201288
    Abstract471)      PDF(pc) (1324KB)(1239)       Save
    With the promotion of “Great Protection of the Yangtze River”, the growth status of plankton in the Yangtze River water body has become an increasingly hot topic. Silicon, as one of the six source elements, is one of the factors that affect the growth and reproduction of plankton, and plays a vital role in the structure and stability of watershed ecosystem. In this paper, the morphological classification of silicon in rivers is introduced at first, and the significance of researching different forms of silicon is discussed. Subsequently, recent research findings in China and abroad are summarized, including the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of silicon concentration in Yangtze River Basin, and the factors which might affect silicon concentration distribution in rivers, reservoirs, and estuaries. In addition, the causes for the differences in silicon content between the Yangtze River and other rivers are compared and examined, the shortcomings of current researches are analyzed, and future research fields are prospected. The present research offers ideas and suggestions for corresponding research on the influence of silicon on the growth of plankton in the Yangtze River Basin.
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    Application of Spatial Information Technology in Water Conservancy Industry: Retrospect and Prospect
    ZHENG Xue-dong
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (10): 167-173.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210623
    Abstract467)      PDF(pc) (1213KB)(1180)       Save
    The water conservancy industry tends to be increasingly refined and intelligent since the rapid development of spatial information technology has driven the modernization of water conservancy. In this paper we made a comprehensive review on the application scenarios and development status of spatial information technology in the water conservancy industry, and analyzed the development trends and prospects of traditional 3S technology and a new generation of information technology in the water conservancy industry. Furthermore, we summarized the findings and typical cases of applying spatial information technology to many fields made by the Spatial Information Technology Application Department of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Scientific Research Institute over the past two decades. Such application fields include: flood control, drought relief, disaster reduction, full-life cycle management of water conservancy projects, monitoring and assessment of the influence of water conservancy projects on ecological environment, river and lake management, dynamic monitoring of water and soil erosion. We also dissected future research topics, especially those regarding three-dimensional perception of water conservancy elements, comprehensive use of water conservancy-related big data, and the profound integration of artificial intelligence and water conservancy business.
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    Basin Water Environment and Water Ecology Research by Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute: Retrospect and Prospect
    LI Qing-yun, TANG Xian-qiang, LIN Li
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (10): 48-53.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210603
    Abstract452)      PDF(pc) (1283KB)(1080)       Save
    In this paper we briefly introduce the development of the Basin Water Environmental Research Department (BWERD) of Changjiang(Yangtze) River Scientific Research Institute in the past decade since its inception, and systematically summarize its major achievements and innovations in science and technology. (i) A laboratory of water environment and ecology with complete functions has been established, based on which over 130 items related to water quality can be measured, including 109 items specified by Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002), and their measurement has passed China Inspection Body and Laboratory Mandatory Approval. Moreover, an advanced numerical simulation platform for basin water environment has been established and a pilot site for river and lake ecological restoration technologies has been set up. (ii) Characteristic achievements in scientific research include: multi-nonpoint source nutrients transport mechanism and ecological prevention practices based on water and sediment processes, impacts of rural hydropower on environment and ecology and corresponding measurements, eco-hydrological processes simulation and risk assessment of river-lake system connectivity, phosphorus transport patterns under water and sediment regulation in large reservoirs, occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of specific pollutants in typical regions of the Yangtze River Basin, habitat formation mechanism of fishes in the source region of the Yangtze River, changing patterns of river and lake environment in Plateaus, and monitoring, analysis, management, and protection of water quality in drinking water sources, etc. (iii) Main achievements in technology include: mobile water purification system for eutrophic water bodies in lakes and reservoirs, algae growth suppression technology based on micro-electric electrolysis, eco-hydrological remediation technology for cadmium contaminated soil, sterilization technology for rural decentralized water supply based on micro-electric electrolysis, and modification and resource utilization technology for copperflotation tailings, etc.. Last but not the least, we examine the shortages that have arisen in the development of the BWERD, and expect the focus of future research in the light of the current situation.
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    Characteristics of Dry and Wet Climate Change in China from 1960 to 2019 Based on TerraClimate Dataset
    XIAO Xiao, QIU Xin-fa, XU Jin-qin
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2023, 40 (2): 27-33.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20211079
    Abstract448)      PDF(pc) (3779KB)(459)       Save
    High spatial resolution TerraClimate dataset is employed to analyze the characteristics of dry and wet climate change in China under the influences of geographical terrain and underlying surface. According to monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration data from 1960 to 2019 in the TerraClimate data set, the range of dry and wet areas, dry and wet climate boundaries and climate change trend in China are analyzed based on precipitation and humidity index. Compared with those in the first three decades, the area of arid and humid regions in the latter three decades showed negative increase, and the area of semi-arid and semi-humid regions positive increase. The dividing line fluctuated mainly in Heilongjiang province, central and northeast Inner Mongolia, and Huaihe River. In recent six decades, the precipitation and humidity index tended to increase in the west and southeast, indicating that the climate was getting wet, and vice versa. Comparison with meteorological data analysis manifests that the TerraClimate dataset is more applicable and well reflects the dry and wet conditions in China and their variation characteristics, and the applicability of precipitation data is more prominent.
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    Water Resources Ecological Footprint in Yangtze River Basin and Its Driving Factors
    SHAO Jun, LU Man-sheng, DU Tao, WANG Zheng-xiang
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (12): 19-24.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210339
    Abstract441)      PDF(pc) (4387KB)(1071)       Save
    The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water resources in major provinces and cities of the Yangtze River basin were calculated based on improved parameters from conventional model in which the regional per capita water resource amount was replaced by the regional water consumption control index. The driving factors of water resources ecological footprint were also analyzed using the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI). Results revealed slight increase in the inter-annual water resources ecological footprint, which reflected the change in water use structure in the basin; regional distribution patterns of water resources ecological footprint also reflected regional GDP to some extent. The results also showed a surplus in the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Yangtze River Basin; ecological deficit was consistent with the distribution of ecological carrying capacity. Analysis on the driving factors demonstrated that the substantial growth in GDP was the major cause of increase in ecological footprint; population growth and water use structure affected the driving effect of the ecological footprint; and technology inhibited the increase of ecological footprint.
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    Dam Deformation Prediction Model Based on Bayesian Optimization and LightGBM
    GAO Zhi-xin, BAO Teng-fei, LI Yang-tao, WANG Yi-bing
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (7): 46-50.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200444
    Abstract422)      PDF(pc) (3306KB)(978)       Save
    Deformation as an intuitive monitoring indicator reflects the operation state of a dam. Existing intelligent methods for dam deformation prediction are prone to local optimum and are inapplicable in the case of large-scale data. In this paper, we combine a fast and efficient gradient boosting framework Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) based on the decision tree with the global optimization algorithm, Bayesian optimization, to predict dam deformation. Taking two concrete dams as case study, we compared the modelling result with those of multiple linear regression, support vector regression, and multi-layer perceptron to verify the applicability of the present model. The RMSE and MAE of the proposed model are both superior to those of other methods, which manifests the feasibility and superiority of the model. In addition, LightGBM can evaluate the importance of input parameters and select the features that affect dam deformation, so as to determine the factors that have more significant influence on dam deformation and offer reference for following safety assessment.
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    Typical Pollutants in Waters along the Riverbank of the Yangtze River Middle Mainstream: Species Identification and Source Analysis
    TANG Hai-bin, DAI Yan-ran, FAN Yao-cheng, LEI Lei, SONG Xiao-yong, CUN De-shou, HAN Jian, LIANG Wei
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2021, 38 (6): 151-159.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210067
    Abstract407)      PDF(pc) (2238KB)(1333)       Save
    To identify the major pollutants in the surface waters along the riverbank of the Yangtze River middle mainstream and explore their temporal and spatial distribution, we conducted a survey on five typical types of riverbanks which have been exploited for agriculture and fishery, industrial production, port logistics, river crossing transportation, and urban living. We selected Yichang, Wuhan, and Huangshi in the middle mainstream of the Yangtze River as three representative segments. According to the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002) and the Standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2006), we found that the main pollutants were total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). All the monitored pollutants presented a similar pattern of spatial variation, with the lowest annual mean concentration in Wuhan and the highest in Yichang. However, the temporal variations in conventional pollutants and heavy metals were different. For the conventional pollutants, the lowest mean concentration was found in summer while the highest value was in autumn. For heavy metals, the relatively higher concentrations were observed in autumn and winter, whereas the lower value was in spring. Along the middle mainstream of the Yangtze River, the riverbank exploited for urban living suffered from the most severe pollution, with annual mean concentrations of TN, TP, NH3-N, Fe and Mn across the three segments amounting to 11.58, 0.83, 5.83 mg/L, 351.67 , 147.66 μ g/L respectively, which exceeded the standard by 11.58, 4.15, 5.85, 1.17, and 1.48 folds. A total of 8 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides, 33 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides and 12 kinds of organochlorine pesticides were detected in the surface water along the agriculture and fishery riverbank. Besides, 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected along the riverbank exploited for industrial production, with tetramethrin, tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), 4.4′- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and indeno (1, 2, 3-cd) pyrene as the major compositions, yet all lower than standard. The results of sources apportionment of PAHs showed that the PAHs stemmed from wood, coal and a small amount of oil. These research findings would contribute to the rational development and structural optimization of riverbanks, and better protecting the Yangtze River with providing useful data.
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