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    Seismic Response of Arch Inverted Siphon under the Excitation of River Valley Differential Earthquake
    JIANG Le-ying, LIAO Yi-hui, WANG Zhi-ming, WU Yong-xin, LI Mei
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (12): 117-121.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20221035
    Abstract1045)      PDF(pc) (3535KB)(352)       Save
    The seismic performance of large-span water transfer structures has become increasingly prominent with the growing number of water transfer projects in recent years. In this paper, the effect of differential ground motion caused by topographic effects on the seismic response of Longchuanjiang large-span water transfer inverted siphon in Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project is examined by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model with the calculated results of SH wave horizontal incidence, oblique incidence and vertical incidence as ground motion inputs. The results are compared with those under uniform excitation. Results manifest that differential ground motion in consideration of topographic effect has a significant impact on the force and deformation of important structural elements, and different structural components behave differently. The transverse force and deformation of steel pipes, piers and other elements under horizontal incidence is the largest, followed by that under oblique incidence, uniform excitation, and vertical incidence in sequence, while the differential seismic effect causes a reduction in the transverse internal force of the arch ring. The location of structural stiffness change is more sensitive to differential seismic effect. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the topographic effect and the influence of incidence angle of ground motion in the seismic design of large-span water transmission inverted siphon structures.
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    Cause Analysis of Runoff Change in the Upper Reaches of Hutuo River Based on Time-varying Budyko-type Equation
    MIAO Zheng-wei, LU Mei, DING Zhi-hong
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (7): 29-35.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210284
    Abstract604)      PDF(pc) (6930KB)(1000)       Save
    The causes of runoff changes in the upper reaches of Hutuo River were analyzed to clarify the driving force of runoff evolution and furthermore to promote the sustainable utilization of water resources.Based on the one-parameter Budyko-type equation,the influencing factors of runoff are divided into two categories:aridity index and catchment properties.First,the time-varying Budyko-type equations were derived to describe the temporal variations in catchment properties via the time-varying parameters in the Budyko-type equations.In subsequence,the long-term trends in climatic variables were modeled using time as an explanatory variable.Finally,the impacts of aridity index and catchment properties on runoff were decomposed at annual scale and multi-year scale.The research results demonstrated that:(1) Time-varying Budyko-type equations improve remarkably the fitting capability for the upper reaches of Hutuo River basin.(2) In terms of quantifying the impacts between two periods of multiple years,the results based on the time-varying Budyko-type equations are similar to the Budyko-type equations with fixed parameter,implying that the time-varying Budyko-type equations proposed in this paper is reliable.(3) The contribution rate of aridity index decreased from 86.79% to 71.01%,while the contribution rate of catchment properties increased from 13.21% to 28.09%.Therefore,aridity index is the dominant factor of runoff reduction in the upper reaches of Hutuo River basin.(4) The apparent weakening of the influence of aridity index on annual runoff constitutes the major cause of increment in the contribution of catchment properties to the annual runoff change.In conclusion,the significant reduction of runoff in the upper reaches of Hutuo River is mainly caused by the change of aridity index,i.e.,precipitation and potential evapotranspiration.
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    Water Temperature Variation and Its Influencing Factors in the Upper Jinsha River
    SHAO Jun, DU Tao, GUO Wei, OUYANG Shuo, WANG Kun
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (8): 17-22.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210380
    Abstract572)      PDF(pc) (2640KB)(898)       Save
    As the source area of the Yangtze River,the upper Jinsha River is of special eco-environmental functions.The water temperature of the river is of great significance to the growth of aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecological environment.In this paper,the intra-annual and inter-annual changes as well as distribution along the flow direction of natural water temperature of the upper Jinsha River were examined according to measured water temperature data from hydrological stations of Gangtuo,Batang,and Shigu.Major hydrological and meteorological factors that affect the water temperature were also analyzed.Results unveiled that the monthly average water temperature at Gangtuo,Batang,and Shigu hit the highest from July to August in general,while the lowest in January.The annual water temperature at the three stations displayed a significant upward trend from 1961 to 2018,with abrupt changes in 1998,1992,and 2003,respectively.Air temperature had the largest influence on the monthly average water temperature,followed by precipitation and streamflow;relative humidity,evaporation and wind speed also had a certain impact on the change of water temperature;sunshine hour bore a weakest relationship to water temperature.From the upstream to the downstream,the coefficients of correlation between water temperature and runoff,wind speed,and water surface evaporation decreased,while those between water temperature and precipitation,temperature,and relative humidity increased.The hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the basin were closely related with water temperature changes.In addition,the main factors affecting water temperature were further verified through principal component analysis.
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    Characteristics of Dry and Wet Climate Change in China from 1960 to 2019 Based on TerraClimate Dataset
    XIAO Xiao, QIU Xin-fa, XU Jin-qin
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2023, 40 (2): 27-33.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20211079
    Abstract448)      PDF(pc) (3779KB)(459)       Save
    High spatial resolution TerraClimate dataset is employed to analyze the characteristics of dry and wet climate change in China under the influences of geographical terrain and underlying surface. According to monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration data from 1960 to 2019 in the TerraClimate data set, the range of dry and wet areas, dry and wet climate boundaries and climate change trend in China are analyzed based on precipitation and humidity index. Compared with those in the first three decades, the area of arid and humid regions in the latter three decades showed negative increase, and the area of semi-arid and semi-humid regions positive increase. The dividing line fluctuated mainly in Heilongjiang province, central and northeast Inner Mongolia, and Huaihe River. In recent six decades, the precipitation and humidity index tended to increase in the west and southeast, indicating that the climate was getting wet, and vice versa. Comparison with meteorological data analysis manifests that the TerraClimate dataset is more applicable and well reflects the dry and wet conditions in China and their variation characteristics, and the applicability of precipitation data is more prominent.
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    Evaluation Index System and Emergency Use of Groundwater Strategic Reserve:A Case Study on the City of Wuhan
    WU Qing-hua, WANG Xiao, CUI Hao-dong, FAN Yue, ZHANG Wei, WANG Jin-long, XIAO Li
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (8): 152-158.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20211187
    Abstract401)      PDF(pc) (5630KB)(691)       Save
    Emergencies or extreme climate events would pose potential risks to the water supply security in cities with only surface water source. In cities with abundant groundwater resource,groundwater strategic reserve can be built to cope with the problem of water shortage arising from emergencies. Nevertheless,systematic basis for evaluating the site selection of strategic reserve area is still in lack at present. In view of this,an evaluation index system of the suitability of site selection for strategic reserve of groundwater resource was established by using analytic hierarchy process. The index system involves groundwater supply capacity,impact of emergency use,socio-economic development,and environmental disaster impact. With the city of Wuhan,a typical city in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin,as a case study,the suitability of five target sites of groundwater strategic reserve was evaluated in consideration of the scale of water supply and the water-richness of aquifers,and the results showed strong suitability of target sites. On this basis,Feflow was employed to evaluate the emergency utilization scheme from the perspective of layout of mining wells and emergency time. The results manifest that with the increase of emergency time,the influence of pumping scheme on groundwater dynamic became more significant,but such influence attenuated with the increase of pumping well spacing. The research finding could provide reference for the site selection of groundwater strategic reserve in the Yangtze River Basin.
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    RVE-based Quantitative Characterization of 3D Mesostructure Characteristics of Granite Residual Soil with Macropores
    YANG Peng-fei, LI Xian, QUE Yun, CAI Pei-chen
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (8): 99-104.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210341
    Abstract358)      PDF(pc) (9823KB)(549)       Save
    The aim of this research is to reveal the distribution characteristics of macropores in granite residual soil in three-dimensional scale.The characteristics of macropores of undisturbed granite residual soil in Fuzhou are characterized quantitatively as a case study by extracting the parameters of macropores via three-dimensional reconstruction using the representative volume element (RVE) based on CT (computer tomography)scanning images of the soil.Results unveil remarkable difference in the number of connected pores in granite residual soil samples but small difference in pore structure due to the similar causes of pore formation with the pore radius mostly between 1 mm and 4 mm.The topological spatial structure of pores in soil at different locations varies notably,with the coordination number of some pores reaching over 40,which is rarely influenced by depth.The coordination number of pores is mainly concentrated within 20,and the coordination number of pores above 20 is distributed in discrete points.Comparison among different processing methods demonstrate that the average pore diameter obtained by two-dimensional image processing is the smallest,and the porosity is quite different;the average pore diameter obtained by pore network model processing is the largest,and the pore distribution is relatively uniform;the difference of average pore volume between 3D reconstruction processing and pore network model processing is over five times.
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    Stability Analysis of Offshore Spar Floating Foundation Platform under Wind Wave Current Load Based on AQWA
    XU Xu, DING Gang, YAO Wen-juan
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (5): 145-152.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210080
    Abstract352)      PDF(pc) (4963KB)(1047)       Save
    In view of the currently low utilization rate of renewable energy and to effectively use deep-sea wind energy, we probed into the stability of the foundation part of the designed OC3-Hywind 5MW Spar floating platform under wind, wave, and current loads. By simulating the coupled motion response of the structure in the frequency domain and time domain respectively using hydrodynamic module AQWA in ANSYS, we compared and analyzed the motion response extreme values of the floating foundation under various degrees of freedom in different working conditions, as well as the influence of counterweights at different positions of the mooring on the response value of structure motion and mooring tension. Results revealed that the extreme value of the motion response of the floating foundation platform in the direction of the pitch degree of freedom in different cases was mainly affected by wind load; as wind speed increased, the extreme value of the response also increased. The extreme value of response in other degrees of freedom was less affected by wind and wave loads. Changing the position of counterweights on the mooring line had a significant impact on the movement of the floating foundation platform in the pitch and yaw degrees of freedom; the closer the counterweight was to the anchoring point, the greater the response value was, which is not conducive to the stability of the foundation platform. The tension of the mooring system in the absence of counterweight was higher than that in the presence of counterweight; as the counterweight was farther from the anchoring point, the mooring force reduced, which ensured the survivability of the floating foundation platform under severe sea conditions.
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    Research and Application of Safety Intelligent Analysis and Early Warning Technology for Digital Twin Water Conservancy Project
    NIU Guang-li, LI Tian-yang, YANG Heng-ling, HU Lei, ZHOU Hua-yan, FANG Hao-wen
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2023, 40 (3): 181-185.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220901
    Abstract328)      PDF(pc) (2133KB)(470)       Save
    Digital twin water conservancy project is the core and key to smart water conservancy construction. In view of the safe operation requirements of water conservancy projects, it is necessary to combine digital twin with safety analysis and early warning technologies to enhance the safety level of project operation and the ability to deal with emergencies. We introduce the overall framework of intelligent safety analysis and early warning technology based on digital twin platform. In particular, we elaborate on the perception system and model library of engineering safety monitoring. The intelligent platform has functions of monitoring and prediction, early-warning and alarming, risk simulation, and intelligent emergency responses. At present, the platform has been preliminarily applied to the digital twin construction of Jiangya and Zaoshi project, and is expected to offer reference for the construction of similar digital twin projects.
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    Numerical Study on the Influence of Riverbed Median Particle Size on Scour Pit Evolution Process around Bridge Pier
    GAO Hu, WANG Qiu-sheng
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (5): 15-21.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210131
    Abstract327)      PDF(pc) (2696KB)(997)       Save
    The change in riverbed morphology and the reduction of bridge pier foundation's buried depth resulted from local scour around the pier are major causes of bridge failure. An all-time and all-round 3D numerical simulation on the flow scour around the foundation of bridge pier is carried out by using LES (Large Eddy Simulation) in association with the equation of flow motion and the theory of sediment dynamics. The streamlines of eddy flow around the bridge pier foundation and the contours of riverbed elevation were acquired. The effects of flow velocity and median particle size on local scour around bridge pier were examined. The numerical simulation results suggest that the depth of the scour pit increases with the increase of the initial flow velocity and the formation of scour pit accelerates in the meantime. Scour pit depth also extends with the reduction of riverbed's median particle size; but when the median particle size is small to a certain extent, the depth of scour pit shrinks because of the increasing of cohesion between sediment particles.
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    Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Water Resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Recent Two Decades
    ZHOU Si-ru, XIN Zhong-bao
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (6): 31-39.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210212
    Abstract313)      PDF(pc) (3603KB)(917)       Save
    The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is renowned as the water tower of Asia and the third pole of the world. Changes in the water resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a profound impact on the water resources security and people’s lives in China and its neighboring countries. The temporal and spatial changes of surface and groundwater resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1997 to 2018 are studied using linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall trend test and Pearson correlation coefficient method based on the data of Qinghai Water Resources Bulletin and Tibet Water Resources Bulletin. The results of the study indicate that: (1) water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is extremely concentrated, mainly in Shannan, Nyingchi City, the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin and the river basins of southern Tibet. The south and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau boasts abundant water resources while the north and the west less. (2) From 1997 to 2018, the amount of surface water resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showed an insignificant upward trend, while the amount of groundwater resources (-16.64 billion m3/(10 a)) a significant downward trend. The change trends of water resources differed notably in spatial scale, with the surface water resources (9.83 billion m3/(10 a)) and groundwater resources (5.8 billion m3/(10 a)) in most areas of Qinghai Province in north Qinghai-Tibet Plateau displaying a significant upward trend, and surface water resources in most parts of the southern Tibet Autonomous Region an insignificant downward trend, groundwater resources a significant downward trend (-19.54 billion m3/(10 a)). (3) In recent years, the temperature in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has had a very significant increasing trend, with the rising rate reaching 0.49 ℃/(10 a). The precipitation of Qinghai Province in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showed a significant increase trend, while the southern part an insignificant downward trend. In conclusion, precipitation is the major factor that induces the changes of surface water resources and groundwater resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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    Plastic Damage Performance of Recycled Concrete Based on ABAQUSY
    AO Ze-liang, CUI Ting-ting, DANG Fa-ning, WEN Shuo, LINGHU Tian-jing, QI Ya-lun
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (9): 131-136.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210496
    Abstract313)      PDF(pc) (9212KB)(525)       Save
    In line with the principle of Sidoroff energy equivalence,the key parameters of CDP model such as plastic damage factor,inelastic strain,and cracking strain were studied. A meso-structure model of recycled concrete was designed based on random polygonal aggregate,old mortar,new mortar,aggregate-old mortar interface,old-new mortar interface and aggregate-new mortar interface. Some crucial compression and tension properties of recycled concrete were studied,including damage development process,stress level in all directions,failure forms,and damage values. The calculation results were compared and analyzed with test results. Research shows that the damage factors based on the principle of energy equivalence is suitable for ABAQUS modeling,and this modeling method is concise and of good convergence. The cloud diagram of compression damage of recycled concrete displays V-shape,while tension damage I-shape,and the tensile and compression damage values both reached 0.956. The simulation calculation results are in good agreement with the test results,indicating that the mesoscopic model of recycled concrete based on random polygonal aggregates is rational.
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    Review on Research Progress of Hydraulic Concrete Materials
    LI Jia-zheng
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210637
    Abstract296)      PDF(pc) (1281KB)(1255)       Save
    The research achievements and innovations in concrete materials for water conservancy and hydropower projects in the past seven decades made by the Material and Structure Department of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Scientific Research Institute (CRSRI) were summarized in this paper. The department has been promoting hydraulic concrete raw materials towards a diversified, functionalized, and geo-oriented development with low carbon, and has been leading the transformation of dam concrete performance design from being strength-dominated to durability-oriented. The team of hydraulic construction materials in CRSRI has provided advanced design of mix ratio of hydraulic concrete for many large and medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower projects in China and abroad, solved many engineering problems in crack control, durability improvement and high performance of hydraulic concrete, and accumulated rich achievements and experiences to enhance hydraulic concrete technology. In future, we will continue to focus on the demand for new materials, new technologies, and new techniques in the development of new energy, and help achieve the national strategy of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
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    Extracting the Dynamic Change of Lake Area in the Three-River Headwaters Region Based on Google Earth Engine
    QI Chang-xian, REN Yan, PENG Hai-yue, WEI Jia-hua, WANG Yong-qiang, LI Qiong
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2023, 40 (7): 179-185.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220806
    Abstract285)      PDF(pc) (8885KB)(393)       Save
    Based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) remote sensing cloud computing platform and Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI satellite image data, a comprehensive water body identification algorithm with multiple indices such as Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was used to extract the area of lakes larger than 1 km2 in the Three-River Headwaters region (source region of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Lancang River) from 1990 to 2020. In association with meteorological, glacier cataloguing and permafrost distribution data, the changes of lake area along with their influencing factors were analyzed. The findings of the study reveal a 15% increase in the overall lake surface area from 10 811.8 km2 to 12 449.53 km2, with 46 new lakes in the Three Rivers area since 1990. Specifically, the increase in lake area differed across sources, with more visible changes observed in the Yangtze River source area (29%) compared to the Yellow River source area (10%). Rising average temperature and increased precipitation were identified as the primary factors behind the increase in lake area. Specifically, increasing temperature caused glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, resulting in a faster increase in the area of glacier-replenished lakes and lakes located in permafrost areas. Precipitation was more closely related to the increase of lake area in the Yellow River source area.
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    Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Precipitation in the Headwaters of the Yangtze River
    CAI Yi-qing, LI Wen-hui, Yu Ze-xing, LI Qi-jiang
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (5): 28-35.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210013
    Abstract275)      PDF(pc) (2068KB)(964)       Save
    Based on the daily statistical data of eight stations in the source area of the Yangtze River from 1956 to 2016, we examined the spatial distribution, intra-annual and inter-annual trends, abrupt change and periods of precipitation in the headwaters of the Yangtze River in the last six decades by using precipitation concentration degree, precipitation concentration period, Mann-Kendall trend test and moving-T test. Results revealed that: 1) the precipitation in the headwaters of the Yangtze River presented an evident increasing trend, passing the significance test with the growth rate amounting to 10.2 mm/10 a and the multi-year average precipitation reaching 344.8 mm. 2) Precipitation in the headwaters of the Yangtze River was significantly uneven in time dimension, most concentrated between June and September, accounting for 81.1% of the whole year. 3) Precipitation changed abruptly in 1997, with the first principal period of 25 years, the second and the third principal period of 3 years and 10 years, respectively. 4) The annual precipitation growth varied largely in spatial scale among different stations, i.e., the growth rate of precipitation in the upstream of Tongtian River was larger than that in the downstream. The research findings offer support for sustainable water resources utilization and ecological security in the Yangtze River basin.
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    Typical Applications of Artificial Intelligence Video Recognition in Water Conservancy Digital Twin
    ZHAO Ke-feng, CAO Hui-qun, LIN Li, JING Zheng, LUO Ping-an
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2023, 40 (3): 186-190.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220825
    Abstract272)      PDF(pc) (2574KB)(474)       Save
    Video surveillance and artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly widely used in the construction of smart water conservancy. Digital twin construction is the key and core of building smart water conservancy. In line with the actual needs of water conservancy digital twin construction, we developed a video intelligent recognition model system using video monitoring, image processing, artificial intelligence and other technical means. With this system, intelligent simulation could interact with physical element videos. We highlight the systematic design of main application scenarios such as water gauge recognition, floating object recognition, surface water body detection and others. According to actual operation, the video intelligent recognition system can monitor, analyze, identify, predict and early warn physical objects continuously, hence has great application value in the intelligent construction of water conservancy.
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    Factors Affecting the Benefit of Danjiangkou Reservoir Utilization
    ZUO Jian, LIN Yun-fa, DENG Shan, LIAN Lei-lei, WANG Xian-zheng
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (5): 22-27.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210065
    Abstract270)      PDF(pc) (1106KB)(992)       Save
    As the water source of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, Danjiangkou Reservoir boasts an ever-increasingly prominent function of water supply and other benefits after the dam was heightened. Nevertheless, the decline in rainfall and the regulation and storage of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River have greatly reduced the transferable water resources of Danjiangkou Reservoir. In order to give full play to the benefit of the reservoir, we calculated and analyzed the influences of the starting and regulating water level, the uncertainty of incoming water and the limited water level of flood season on the benefit of Danjiangkou Reservoir from three aspects: water supply satisfaction rate, average annual electricity generation and average annual waste water level. Results manifested that 1) water level at the incipience of regulation has a great influence on the water supply benefit in dry year when the frequency of incoming water is more than 90%. When water level is raised from 150 m to 160 m, the rate of meeting water supply demand can be increased from 44.38% to 93.42%. When the frequency of incoming water is less than 75.7%, water level mainly affects power generation. The higher the water level at the incipience of regulation is, the higher the annual power generation is, and the smaller the annual waste water is. When water level is raised from 150 m to 170 m, power generation could increase by at least 1 billion kW·h. 2) The higher the frequency of incoming water, the smaller the rate of meeting water supply demand, and the lower the average annual power generation. When incoming water is abundant, water abandon and water supply shortage both exist in the mean time. 3) The influence of flood limit water level in summer on the benefit of Danjiangkou Reservoir is more significant than that of flood limit water level in autumn; in a three-year regulation period with at least two years of low water, flood limited water level exerts a most obvious influence on abandoned water quantity. 4) Water level at the incipience of regulation is the major factor that affects the operation benefit of the reservoir. Except from continuous dry years, the water supply demand of different level years can be met if the water level at the incipience of regulation is 162 m.
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    Research Framework and Prospect for Monitoring and Early Warning of Rainstorm-induced Mountain Torrent Disaster Chain
    TANG Wen-jian, FAN Zhong-jie, DONG Lin-yao, LIU Ji-gen, ZHANG Ping-cang, LI Tong-lu, TONG Guan-jun, DU Jun, WANG Lin
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2023, 40 (7): 73-79.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220469
    Abstract256)      PDF(pc) (7790KB)(336)       Save
    Rainstorm-induced flash floods and their associated chain disasters pose a common threat in mountainous areas. Their wide distribution, complex causes, and characteristics of abrupt, localized, and hidden occurrence increase the difficulty of disaster identification, monitoring, and prediction in the early stages. At present, research on the transformation mechanism and monitoring and early warning systems of mountain torrent disaster chains is an international frontier and hotspot issue in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation, which demands comprehensive interdisciplinary approaches. To address this challenge, we summarize the status and trends of domestic and foreign research on rainstorm-induced mountain torrent disaster chains, analyze the key scientific and technical issues that require breakthroughs, and proposes corresponding research directions and prospects. Key scientific and technical issues that urgently need to be tackled include: revealing the homologous chain transformation mechanism between rainstorm, flood, landslide (collapse), and debris flow; establishing accurate monitoring and stable transmission technology for disaster chains; and constructing an early warning index system and dynamic warning platform for disaster chains. Proposed research directions are as follows: identifying disaster-causing factors, developing monitoring and early warning technologies for key elements of the disaster chain, building monitoring and early warning platforms for mountainous small watersheds, and integrating and demonstrating monitoring and early warning technologies. Research prospects involve a multidisciplinary and multi-method approach, targeting “disaster-causing factor identification, key technology development, software platform construction, and integrated application demonstration” as the main research thread, and ultimately achieving breakthroughs and innovations in driving and evolving mechanisms of disaster chains, precise monitoring, and dynamic warning technology. The expected results can provide scientific and technological support for improving the defense capability against mountain torrent disaster chains and promoting sustainable ecological development and high-quality development of watersheds.
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    Practices of Deep Excavation in Macau SAR Based on British Standard and the Standard of Hong Kong SAR
    XIE Wan-dong, LIN You-gao, WANG Zheng-liang
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (7): 126-130.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210205
    Abstract255)      PDF(pc) (6450KB)(926)       Save
    The standard system,design procedures,routine practices and other aspects of deep excavations design in Hong Kong SAR (Special Administrative Region) and Macau SAR of China and overseas regions are quite different from those in Mainland China. Based on the design practices of deep excavations in Barra Transportation Hub in Macau SAR,the design of deep excavation support in overseas projects is introduced in detail,including determination of the embedded depth of diaphragm wall,downward extension of diaphragm walls in hard rocks,strut system,structural calculation,verification of stability against overturning,etc. The stipulations of deep excavation design in British Standard and the standard of Hong Kong SAR are compared with those provided in the standards of Mainland China. During desk study,numerical modeling was adopted to calculate the force and deformation of bracing system of excavation; during construction,numerical method was also adopted for back analysis and predictions based on filed monitoring data,which guaranteed smooth construction.
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    Measures of Joint Management and Protection for Boundary-sharing Rivers and Lakes under the River and Lake Chief System: A Case Study on Taihu Lake Basin
    LUO Ping-an, LUO Bu, SHA Zhi-gui, TANG Jian
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (5): 10-14.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210121
    Abstract252)      PDF(pc) (2288KB)(724)       Save
    By means of literature review, field investigation, discussion and communication, we made a review on the eco-environment status and management situation of Taihu Lake Basin and summarized the experiences and deficiencies in the joint management and protection of the Taihu Lake Basin. On this basis, we put forward some policy measures to strengthen the joint management and protection in the following aspects: promoting the legislation of basin management, issuing guidance on joint management and protection, unifying plans and standards, strengthening cooperative work, adapting to the carrying capacity of water resources, green development, etc. We hope it will be helpful to improve the integrated management of boundary-sharing basin and the implementation of river and lake chief system for Taihu Lake Basin.
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    Variation Characteristics of Total Phosphorus Concentration in the Yangtze River Basin in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan Period
    JI Xiao-yan, PENG Dan
    Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute    2022, 39 (8): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220083
    Abstract248)      PDF(pc) (5414KB)(756)       Save
    The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of total phosphorus (TP) in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period are examined in this paper based on the TP data of 590 river sections and 116 lakes and reservoir points in the Yangtze River Basin monitored by the National Examination Network. Results revealed a decline trend of TP concentration in the Yangtze River Basin in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period,with the annual average concentration dropping from 0.106 mg/L in 2016 to 0.072 mg/L in 2020. TP concentration in 93.2% sections of the mainstream of Yangtze River decreased,with the annual average concentration reducing from 0.092 mg/L in 2016 to 0.059 mg/L in 2020. Minjiang River,Tuojiang River and Wujiang River witnessed apparent decrease (over 50%) of TP concentration,while the mainstream of Yangtze River experienced a rise of TP concentration due to the inflow of major tributaries including Minjiang River,Tuojiang River,Wujiang River and Hanjiang River. TP concentration at 62.9% of lake and reservoir sites decreased compared with that in 2016. Taihu lake and Chaohu Lake suffered from high TP concentration in autumn,Dongting Lake,Poyang Lake and Danjiangkou Reservoir in winter,and Dianchi Lake in summer. The research finding reflects the positive results of water pollution prevention and control in the Yangtze River Basin on the one hand,and offers reference for the in-depth control of TP pollution in the Yangtze River Basin on the other.
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