To determine a proper structure for ship lock chamber, we compared the foundation, water head, water delivery system, material source, and construction condition in terms of technique and economy. Subsequently, we made a qualitative and quantitative analysis on preliminary schemes of the structure of a lock chamber through finite element software MARC. Results show that: the integral-style of lock chamber, which has temporary construction joints, has a small displacement, and could adapt to uneven sedimentation. It's convenient to construct and to be applied to soft soil site. The double-hinge style of lock chamber, whose wall acts together with the chassis, could reduce the thickness of chassis base. But the chamber couldn’t well adapt to uneven sedimentation and the base is too thin for reinforcement placement. It's concluded that the integral-type is superior and thus is recommended.