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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20250535

表面流人工湿地氮磷去除效能评价及微生物驱动机制研究

  • 卢露 , 1, 2 ,
  • 王旭 1, 2 ,
  • 邢龙 1, 2 ,
  • 任实 1, 2 ,
  • 王攀菲 1, 2 ,
  • 黄宇波 , 1, 2 ,
  • 廖周伟 1, 2 ,
  • 伍艾琪 1
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  • 1 中国长江三峡集团有限公司， 湖北 宜昌 443133
  • 2 高坝大库运行安全湖北省重点实验室（中国长江三峡集团有限公司）， 湖北 宜昌 443133
黄宇波（1990—），男，湖北宜昌人，高级工程师，博士，从事水生态研究。E-mail：

卢 露（1996—），女，湖北十堰人，工程师，硕士，从事水环境监测研究。E-mail：

收稿日期: 2025-06-13

  修回日期: 2025-12-15

  网络出版日期: 2025-12-25

基金资助

长江流域水工程多目标协同联合调度技术研究与应用(2021YFC3200305)

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Performance Evaluation and Microbially Driven Mechanisms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Surface-Flow Constructed Wetlands

  • LU Lu , 1, 2 ,
  • WANG Xu 1, 2 ,
  • XING Long 1, 2 ,
  • REN Shi 1, 2 ,
  • WANG Pan-fei 1, 2 ,
  • HUANG Yu-bo , 1, 2 ,
  • LIAO Zhou-wei 1, 2 ,
  • WU Ai-qi 1
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  • 1 China Three Gorges Corporation， Yichang 443133, China
  • 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Operation Safety of High Dam and Large Reservoir (China Three Gorges Corporation)， Yichang 443133， China

Received date: 2025-06-13

  Revised date: 2025-12-15

  Online published: 2025-12-25

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摘要

针对小微表面流人工湿地营养盐去除效率时空异质性内在机制及水生植物根际效应调控作用尚不明晰等科学问题，本研究依托某湿地为研究对象，通过水质检测与微生物高通量测序，系统解析氮磷去除时空分布特征及微生物驱动机制，阐明基质类型与植物根际对微生物群落组成及其代谢潜力调控机制。结果表明，总氮去除率呈显著季节差异（夏75.6% > 秋64.9% > 春54.3% > 冬21.9%），该过程与功能菌群演替及代谢潜力变化紧密相关，春夏季显著富集Kosakonia，Bacillus, Noviherbaspirillum，Ellin6067、Anaeromyxobacter等氮循环功能菌，氮代谢潜力显著高于秋冬季。总磷去除率受微生物作用与吸附沉降作用协同调控，呈现季节性变化（夏74.9% > 春65.6% > 秋59.8% > 冬46.7%），微生物作用影响季节波动，表现为春夏季显著富集Massilia, Bacillus, Saccharimonadales, Gemmatimonas等磷循环功能菌，磷代谢潜力显著高于秋冬季。空间维度呈现氮磷代谢潜力稳定性，基质类型（砾石/非根际土壤/根际土壤）显著改变菌群组成，但氮磷代谢潜力基质间无显著差异，为小微湿地特定尺度下弱化根际边界效应和功能冗余维持代谢稳态机制提供了实证依据。据此提出前置除磷单元、降低水生植物配置精细度、定向接种氮磷功能菌群、强化水温和pH调控等优化建议。

关键词： 表面流人工湿地; 脱氮除磷; 高通量测序; 微生物群落; KEGG通路分析; 季节变化

本文引用格式

卢露 , 王旭 , 邢龙 , 任实 , 王攀菲 , 黄宇波 , 廖周伟 , 伍艾琪 . 表面流人工湿地氮磷去除效能评价及微生物驱动机制研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2025 . DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20250535

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal heterogeneity in nutrient removal and the regulatory roles of plant rhizosphere effects in small-scale surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) remain poorly understood. Using a representative wetland as the study site, this research integrated water quality monitoring with microbial high-throughput sequencing to systematically characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal, elucidate the underlying microbially-driven mechanisms, and clarify how substrate types and plant rhizospheres regulate microbial community composition and metabolic potential. Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency showed pronounced seasonality (summer 75.6% > autumn 64.9% > spring 54.3% > winter 21.9%), corresponding to functional bacterial succession and metabolic potential shifts. N-cycling genera, including Kosakonia, Bacillus, Noviherbaspirillum, Ellin6067, and Anaeromyxobacter, were significantly enriched during spring-summer, with N metabolic potential substantially exceeding autumn-winter levels (p < 0.01). Total phosphorus (TP) removal was co-regulated by microbial metabolism and physicochemical adsorption-sedimentation, displaying seasonal variation (summer 74.9% > spring 65.6% > autumn 59.8% > winter 46.7%). P-cycling genera (Massilia, Bacillus, Saccharimonadales, Gemmatimonas) dominated spring-summer communities, with correspondingly elevated P metabolic potential (p < 0.01). Spatially, substrate type (gravel, bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil) significantly altered community composition, with 26 dominant genera exhibiting substrate-dependent distribution (p < 0.01), however, N and P metabolic potential remained stable across substrates (p > 0.05). These findings provide empirical evidence for the mechanisms of attenuated rhizosphere boundary effects and functional redundancy maintaining metabolic homeostasis in small-scale wetlands. Optimization strategies include installation of maintainable P-pretreatment units, simplified plant configuration, targeted inoculation of N/P-functional microbial consortia, and regulation of water temperature and pH.

Key words： Surface-flow constructed wetlands; nitrogen and phosphorus removal; high-throughput sequencing; microbial communities; KEGG pathway analysis; seasonal variation

：本研究由国家重点研发计划《长江流域水工程多目标协同联合调度技术研究与应用》（2021YFC3200305）和中国长江三峡集团有限公司员工科研项目《西园人工湿地运行效果评估及优化提升》（NBYG202300632）资助.

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