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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20250370

汾河下游河岸带土壤重金属特征评价与污染源分析

  • 冯颖俊 , 1 ,
  • 刘玉宾 1 ,
  • 师东阳 2 ,
  • 周心雨 1
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  • 1.河南地矿职业学院，郑州 451464
  • 2.河南工学院，河南 新乡 453003

冯颖俊（1982-），女，河南人，副教授，研究方向为生态环境保护与评价。E-mail：

收稿日期: 2025-04-28

  修回日期: 2025-06-10

  网络出版日期: 2025-08-01

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(12002226)

河南省职业教育教学改革研究与实践项目(豫教〔2023〕02995)

河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24B560004)

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Morphological Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Lower Reaches of Fenhe River

  • FENG Ying-jun , 1 ,
  • LIU Yu-bin 1 ,
  • SHI Dong-yang 2 ,
  • ZHOU Xin-yu 1
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  • 1. Henan Geology Mineral College, Zhengzhou 451464, China
  • 2. Henan Institute Of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China

Received date: 2025-04-28

  Revised date: 2025-06-10

  Online published: 2025-08-01

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摘要

为了解汾河下游河岸带土壤中重金属的污染特征其污染来源，选取汾河下游8个断面32个土壤样品作为研究对象，分析了重金属含量及分布特征，利用单因子污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价了重金属污染程度及潜在生态风险，通过PCA和PMF对重金属的污染源进行了解析。结果表明，汾河下游河岸带土壤重金属含量整体偏低，Cu、Zn和Cr含量未超出山西省重金属背景值，但Pb和Hg的含量超出1.3倍和2.6倍；土壤中重金属整体生态风险较低，只有部分土壤样品中Hg处于中度-重度生态风险水平，Pb处于中度生态风险水平，Pb和Hg可能会对当地的生态环境带来危害，是重金属管控的重点。根据重金属污染源解析，Cr受到人类活动影响较小，含量变化可能因土壤母质和地质活动造成，Hg污染来源主要为工业生产；Cu的污染部分来源为工业生产和农业活动，部分来源为交通运输，Zn和Pb具有同源性，主要受到工矿企业生产、农业活动和交通运输的影响。

关键词： 汾河下游; 河岸带; 重金属; 风险评价; 污染源解析

本文引用格式

冯颖俊 , 刘玉宾 , 师东阳 , 周心雨 . 汾河下游河岸带土壤重金属特征评价与污染源分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 0 . DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20250370

Abstract

In order to understand the pollution characteristics and pollution sources of heavy metals in the riparian soil of the lower reaches of the Fen River, 32 soil samples from 8 sections of the lower reaches of the Fen River were selected as research objects, the content and distribution characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed, and the heavy metal pollution degree and potential ecological risk were evaluated by single factor pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method. The pollution sources of heavy metals were analyzed by PCA and PMF. The results showed that the heavy metal content in the riparian zone of the lower reaches of Fenhe River was generally low, the content of Cu, Zn and Cr did not exceed the background value of heavy metals in Shanxi Province, but the content of Pb and Hg exceeded 1.3 and 2.6 times. The overall ecological risk of heavy metals in soil is low, only some soil samples are at the level of moderate to severe ecological risk, and Pb is at the level of moderate ecological risk. Pb and Hg may cause harm to the local ecological environment, which is the focus of heavy metal control. According to the analysis of heavy metal pollution sources, Cr is less affected by human activities, and the content change may be caused by soil parent material and geological activities, while Hg pollution is mainly caused by industrial production. The pollution of Cu is partly from industrial production and agricultural activities, and partly from transportation. Zn and Pb have homology and are mainly affected by production, agricultural activities and transportation of industrial and mining enterprises.

Key words： lower reaches of Fenhe river; Riparian zone; heavy metal; Risk assessment; pollution source analysis

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