为研究冻土一维热传导问题中温度场的模型试验相似准则，本文创新性的提出了基于微分方程解析解求取相似准则的方法。首先采用分离变量法，得到了一维非线性热传导方程的解析解。在此基础上，利用相似转换法推导出了考虑热交换和不考虑两种情况下冻土模型试验的相似准则。最后利用有限元软件ABAQUS对得到的相似准则进行了验证。结果表明，在不考虑热交换的情况下，时间的相似常系数始终是几何尺寸相似常系数的平方。当考虑热交换情况时，模型试验必须采用与原型不同的土体，此时得到的相似准则更具有理论意义和实际价值。该研究成果充分考虑了热传导过程中的边界条件，有望为非线性热传导问题的研究和模型试验设计提供理论参考。

To study the similarity criteria for the temperature field in one-dimensional heat conduction problems of frozen soil, this paper innovatively proposes a method based on the analytical solution of differential equations to obtain the similarity criteria. First, the method of separation of variables is used to derive the analytical solution of the one-dimensional nonlinear heat conduction equation. On this basis, the similarity criteria for frozen soil model tests, both with and without heat exchange, are derived using the similarity transformation method. Finally, the obtained similarity criteria are verified using the finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that, without considering heat exchange, the similarity constant for time is always the square of the similarity constant for geometric dimensions. When considering heat exchange, the model test must use a different soil material than the prototype, and the obtained similarity criteria have more theoretical significance and practical value. This research fully considers the boundary conditions in the heat conduction process and is expected to provide theoretical reference for the study of nonlinear heat conduction problems and the design of model tests.