长江科学院院报

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2021 , Vol. 38 >Issue 6: 45 - 51

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20200214

工程安全与灾害防治

青藏高原湖泊引流疏导工程多年冻土立体监测方法

  • 郎永彪 ,
  • 郑郧 ,
  • 金伟 ,
  • 穆彦虎 ,
  • 柴明堂
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  • 1.青海省水利水电勘测规划设计研究院有限公司, 西宁 810001;
    2.长江科学院 水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室,武汉 430010;
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冻土工程国家重点实验室,兰州 730000
郎永彪(1984-),男,青海西宁人,高级工程师,主要从事水利工程设计工作。E-mail: raymon1210@163.com

收稿日期: 2020-03-15

  修回日期: 2020-07-09

  网络出版日期: 2021-06-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41630636,41772325);冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201603)

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Method of Three-dimensional Monitoring on Permafrost around Lake Draining Project on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

  • LANG Yong-biao ,
  • ZHENG Yun ,
  • JIN Wei ,
  • MU Yan-hu ,
  • CHAI Ming-tang
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  • 1. Qinghai Provincial Research Institute Ltd.Co. of Investigation, Planning, Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Xining 810001,China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2020-03-15

  Revised date: 2020-07-09

  Online published: 2021-06-10

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摘要

近年来,受气候暖湿化过程影响,青藏高原湖泊数量及面积增加趋势明显,发生了系列湖岸溃决事件。为防止此类水患威胁到人民生命财产安全和重大工程设施,可通过人工引流疏导工程将外溢湖水有序、可控引流至下游安全区域。然而,在多年冻土区实施引流疏导工程,势必显著改变区域多年冻土水、热状况空间分布,影响区域生态环境的同时严重破坏了水工构筑物自身的长期稳定性。以可可西里盐湖正在开展的引流疏导工程为例,结合现有多年冻土勘察监测技术手段,基于区域多年冻土特征和引流疏导工程构成,提出了利用InSAR、无人机航拍、气象站点观测、地温观测、地球物理勘探等手段实现区域多年冻土空间分布与水热状况的立体监测方法。通过该方法,可实现区域环境气象要素、多年冻土水热状况空间分布和工程稳定性的同步监测,为工程对区域多年冻土环境影响评估提供科学依据,同时服务于工程稳定性和服役性能的预测预警,为未来我国多年冻土区水利工程建设与维护提供重要参考。

关键词： 湖岸溃决; 引流疏导; 多年冻土; 现场监测; 青藏高原

本文引用格式

郎永彪 , 郑郧 , 金伟 , 穆彦虎 , 柴明堂 . 青藏高原湖泊引流疏导工程多年冻土立体监测方法[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021 , 38(6) : 45 -51 . DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200214

Abstract

Affected by climate warming and wetting, the number and area of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have seen evident increases in recent years, resulting in lake overflow and even outbursts. Such threats to the security of lives and property of people and the safe operation of major engineering infrastructure can be alleviated by lake drainage project which diverts the overflow safely under control to the downstream area. However, in permafrost region, engineering activities and long-term water flow will lead to significant variations in hydrothermal regime. These variations will further affect local ecological environment and long-term stability of drainage projects. With the Yanhu Lake in Hoh Xil region as a background, we present a method combing InSAR, drone aerial photography, meteorological observation, ground temperature observation and geophysical exploration to establish a three-dimensional monitoring system on permafrost. The method considers the characteristics of permafrost in the region and the components of the drainage project. By using the present method, we could monitor synchronously the local meteorological conditions, the hydrothermal regimes of permafrost, and the stability of engineering structures. The monitoring work will provide data support for evaluating the impacts of drainage project on permafrost, and serve for prediction and early warning on the stability and service ability of engineering structures. The collected data will also offer important references for design, construction and maintaining of hydraulic infrastructure built on permafrost in the future.

Key words： lake outburst; drainage project; permafrost; field monitoring; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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