据统计,目前世界各地发生溃决的大坝中,大多数为土坝。为了更好地预测溃坝过程、溃坝洪水及其在下游的传播过程,近几十年来,建立了多个溃坝模型。对现有的土坝溃决模型进行了分类与总结,着重介绍了坝体漫溃模型,同时简单介绍了管涌溃坝模拟。并根据现有的研究成果,参照各溃坝模型的假定条件及控制方程适用范围,对现有溃坝模型存在的问题进行了分析总结,并提出了下一步研究需关注的重点与建议。
关键词：
土坝; 溃坝; 模型; 进展; 存在问题
According to statistics, most of the failed dams are earth-dams. In order to more precisely predict the process of dam failure, the resulting flood and its propagation, many dam-failure models have been developed in recent decades. The existing earth-dam failure models are summarized and classified, with special attention paid to the models of earth-dam failure due to overtopping. Meanwhile, simulation of the earth-dam failure caused by piping is briefly introduced as well. On the basis of the current research results, problems in the current dam-failure model are analyzed and summarized in the light of the model assumptions and governing equations. Finally, key points and suggestions are put forward for further research.
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